Introduction

When the ovaries function less than normal, it is called ovarian hypofunction. This condition involves lower hormone production by the ovaries. If this happens before a woman turns 40, it is referred to as premature ovarian failure.

Possible Causes of Ovarian Hypofunction

Chromosome changes: Normally, people assigned female at birth have a pair of X chromosomes in their cells. However, some individuals with ovarian hypofunction might have one normal X chromosome alongside one altered X chromosome. This can signal genetic conditions like mosaic Turner syndrome. In other cases, the X chromosomes might be weak and prone to breaking, which is known as fragile X syndrome. Toxins: Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy can lead to ovarian insufficiency caused by toxins. Other harmful substances, including cigarette smoke, certain chemicals, pesticides and viruses, can also speed up ovarian insufficiency. Autoimmune diseases: In these conditions, the immune system attacks ovarian tissue or it produces protective proteins that mistakenly target ovarian tissue. This leads to ovarian hypofunction. Idiopathic causes: In most cases, the root cause of ovarian hypofunction isn’t known. A doctor might suggest extra tests to uncover more about what may cause it.

Risk factors

Certain factors increase the chances of Ovarian hypofunction: Age: The likelihood rises between 35 and 40 years old. Ovarian hypofunction is uncommon before 30, though it can still occur in younger folks or even teenagers. Family history: A family history of Ovarian hypofunction can have an influence on an increased risk of developing this condition. Ovarian surgery: Surgical procedures involving the ovaries play a role in raising the risk of Ovarian hypofunction.

What are the Symptoms of Ovarian Hypofunction?

The most obvious sign of ovarian hypofunction is having irregular periods or missing them altogether. Some women don’t show any clear signs of the condition. Other symptoms might include these: Having irregular or skipped menstrual cycles Struggling to conceive A lower interest in sexual activity Finding it hard to focus Feeling irritated Experiencing dry or irritated eyes Getting hot flashes or sweating at night Vaginal dryness Painful intercourse caused by vaginal dryness

Exams and Tests

Doctors run a blood test to measure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). High FSH levels can indicate premature ovarian failure. They may also do a vaginal ultrasound to see how many follicles are left in the ovaries. Women with this condition often have fewer ovarian follicles. Additional blood tests might be done to find autoimmune problems or thyroid issues. Women facing premature ovarian failure and wishing to conceive might worry about their chances of getting pregnant. Women under 30 might undergo chromosome testing to identify any genetic issues. Women nearing menopause do not require this analysis.

How is Ovarian Hypofunction Treated?

Doctors approach the treatment plan on factors like age, symptoms and whether pregnancy is desired. Treating ovarian hypofunction typically includes this: Hormone therapy - Low levels of hormones like oestrogen and progesterone often cause issues such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Hormone therapy not only eases these problems but also helps avoid long-term risks like bone loss. Managing symptoms or effects of ovarian hypofunction like vaginal dryness or night sweats. Reducing the chances of conditions linked to ovarian hypofunction. Addressing health issues that make ovarian hypofunction symptoms worse. Doctors suggest different approaches if a woman with a reduced egg supply wants to try conceiving. They suggest egg retrieval or other options like oocyte donation.