Introduction

A diagnostic bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to directly examine the airways (bronchi) and lungs. It allows doctors to identify the cause of lung or airway symptoms, collect samples for testing, and guide further treatment decisions.

At KIMSHEALTH, diagnostic bronchoscopy is performed by experienced pulmonologists using advanced imaging and monitoring systems to ensure accuracy, comfort, and patient safety.

What is a Diagnostic Bronchoscopy?

Bronchoscopy involves passing a thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth into the lungs. The bronchoscope has a camera and light at its tip, allowing real-time visualization of the airway lining.

Types of Bronchoscopes

Flexible bronchoscope (most common)

• Thin, bendable, and used for most diagnostic procedures

Rigid bronchoscope

• Used less commonly, mainly for large airway blockages or bleeding

Most diagnostic procedures today are performed with a flexible bronchoscope under sedation.

Why is Diagnostic Bronchoscopy Done?

Your doctor may recommend a bronchoscopy to:

• Identify the cause of persistent cough (lasting more than 8 weeks)
• Evaluate coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
• Investigate abnormal chest X-ray or CT scan findings
• Diagnose lung infections, including tuberculosis or fungal infections
• Assess interstitial lung disease
• Detect airway narrowing or blockage
• Obtain biopsy samples to diagnose lung cancer or other conditions
• Collect fluid or mucus samples (bronchoalveolar lavage)
• Locate and remove an inhaled foreign object
• Evaluate airways after lung transplantation

Who Performs the Procedure?

Diagnostic bronchoscopy is usually performed by a pulmonologist, a doctor who specialises in lung and respiratory diseases, supported by a trained anaesthesia and nursing team.

How Do I Prepare for a Diagnostic Bronchoscopy?

Before the Procedure

Your care team will guide you through preparation, which may include:

Medical Evaluation

• Physical examination
• Review of symptoms and medical history
• Blood tests
• Chest X-ray or CT scan
• ECG (heart rhythm test), if required

Medication Review

Tell your doctor about:

• All prescription and over-the-counter medicines
• Blood thinners (e.g., aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel)
• Herbal supplements
• Drug or latex allergies
• Bleeding disorders or prior anaesthesia problems

Some medications may need to be stopped temporarily.

Fasting

• Usually no food or drink for 4-6 hours before the procedure

What Happens During a Diagnostic Bronchoscopy?

Step-by-Step Overview

• IV access is placed to give medications
• Local anaesthetic numbs the nose or throat
• Sedation is given to help you relax
• In some cases, general anaesthesia may be used
• Vital signs (heart rate, oxygen, blood pressure) are continuously monitored
• The bronchoscope is gently passed through the nose or mouth
• The doctor examines the airways on a video screen

If needed, samples are taken:

• Biopsy (small tissue sample)

• Fluid washings

• Brushings or needle samples

• The bronchoscope is removed carefully

What Happens After the Procedure?

You will be observed in a recovery area until the sedative effects wear off.

Common After-effects

• Mild sore throat or hoarseness
• Temporary cough
• Small amount of blood-streaked sputum (especially after biopsy)
• Drowsiness for several hours

Back To Home

• Most patients go home the same day
• Resume normal activities the next day unless advised otherwise

Your doctor will explain:

• When results are expected
• Whether further tests or treatments are needed

What Are the Risks of Diagnostic Bronchoscopy?

Diagnostic bronchoscopy is generally safe, but as with any procedure, risks exist.

Possible Risks

• Bleeding (usually mild)
• Infection or fever
• Temporary drop in oxygen levels
• Irregular heart rhythm
• Lung injury or air leak (rare)
• Reaction to sedative medicines

When Should I Seek Medical Help?

Call Emergency Services Immediately If You:

• Have sudden or severe difficulty breathing
• Cough up a large amount of blood
• Experience chest pain or tightness

Call Your Doctor If You Have:

• Fever ≥ 38°C (100.4°F)
• Worsening cough or breathlessness
• Increasing chest discomfort
• Persistent nausea or vomiting
• Wheezing not typical for you